A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome must be
1.a zygote
2.a somatic cell of a male
3.a somatic cell of female
4.a sperm cell
A special form of loose connective tissue that pads and insulates the body and stores fuel reserves is known as
1.epithelial tissue
2.adipose tissue
3.fibrous connective tissue
4.muscle tissue
A student cut a 2 cm3 block out of a potato and massed the block. She then placed the block in distilled water and waited an hour. If she remassed the block she could expect which of the following?
1.the mass to increase due to plasmolysis
2.the mass to increase because the potato is hypertonic to the water
3.the mass to decrease because the potato will loose its water
4.the mass to decrease because of the higher water potential in the potato
A walking stick, a type of insect that is a primary consumer, is an example of an organism using
1.aggressive mimicry
2.Batesian mimicry
3.camouflage
4.Mullerian mimicry
According to the philosophy of Idealism in education, the subject matter of curriculum should be
1.mathematics
2.science
3.physical world
4.mind
All of the following ideas are essential to Charles Darwin theory of natural selection EXCEPT
1.individuals tend to produce more offspring than can survive
2.variation is present in all populations
3.characteristics acquired by one parent can be passed on to their offspring
4.resources are usually limited
Ammonia is released from dead plants by
1.denitrifying bacteria
2.nitrogen-fixing bacteria
3.bacteria of decay
4.nitrifying bacteria
An invertebrate is found in a freshwater setting and studies show it to have three developmental body layers and a cuticle covering its outer body. It belongs in the same phylum as the
1.hydra
2.leeches
3.sea stars
4.crustaceans
An organism with the genotype AaVv can produce how many different types of gametes
1.1
2.2
3.4
4.6
As people gets older, the ability of applying or maintain attention
1.increases
2.decreases
3.stays constant
4.remains unaffected
Bile
1.activates pancreatic lipases
2.emulsifies fat droplets
3.congeals fat droplets
4.digests fats
Competition between members of a prairie dog population could be expected to increase as a result of an increase in the
1.spread of disease among the prairie dogs
2.prairie dog intrinsic reproductive rate
3.mortality rate of prairie dogs
4.natality rate of prairie dog predators
Competition between the members of a woodchuck population in a large field could be expected to increase as a result of an increase in the
1.woodchuck reproduction rate
2.spread of disease among the woodchucks
3.number of woodchucks killed by cars
4.number of secondary consumers
Darwins finches are a group of about twelve species of birds that live on the Galapagos Islands. The fact that they have different size beaks is regarded as a consequence of
1.genetic drift
2.coevolution
3.competition
4.chance
Digestion in protozoans is
1.extracellular
2.intracellular
3.intercellular
4.dorsal
Donald Johanson, Tom Gray, and others discovered a hominid that lived in East Africa__________ million years ago and nicknamed her Lucy, whose scientific name they gave as __________
1.3.5, Homo habilis
2.3.5, Homo africanus
3.5.5, Australopithecus africanus
4.3.0, Australopithecus afarensis
Gymnosperms are NOT
1.seed plants
2.predominantly diploid
3.flowering plants
4.conifers
In a natural community, all the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment are known as
1.pioneer organisms
2.keystone species
3.secondary consumers
4.biotic factors
In four-o-clocks, pink flowers are the result of a red allele and a white allele for the color gene. If you crossed a white with a pink, what would be the most likely result?
1.20 red and 20 pink
2.40 pink
3.20 red and 20 white
4.20 pink and 20 white
In order to preserve the biosphere for future generations, humans must
1.make use of technology to develop new herbicides
2.put all wild animals in game preserves
3.explore ways to drain and fill wetlands along the seacoast
4.understand how living things interact with their environment
In symbiotic relationships, groups of two or more organisms live in physical proximity. Which of the following types of symbiosis depicts commensalism?
1.A little bird riding on the back of a rhino, picking parasites off the back of the rhino
2.Undertaker bees removing dead bees from the hive of worker bees
3.A wrasse cleaning the parasites off the gills of a bigger fish
4.An egret riding on the back of a cow, looking for food in cow patties
In the Eastern United States, many forested areas were cleared for agricultural purposes. If cultivation was abandoned in those areas, they would eventually return to forests. This is an example of
1.primary succession
2.secondary succession
3.decomposition
4.interspecific competition
Let r stand for the intrinsic rate of growth, N for the number of organisms in a population, and K for the carrying capacity. A good formula for logistic growth would be?
1.rN (N-K)/K
2.rN (N-r)/rK
3.rK (K-N)/rN
4.rN (K-N)/K
Mimicry is an important biotic factor in communities all over the world. For instance, viceroy butterflies closely resemble (mimic) monarch butterflies. Birds that eat viceroys enjoy a good meal, but those that eat monarchs retch right away. What type of mimicry does this describe?
1.Mullerian
2.aggressive
3.crypsis
4.Batesian
Organisms are placed in different trophic levels according to how they obtain their energy. Another name for primary consumer is
1.green plant
2.herbivore
3.carnivore
4.omnivore
Predators are beneficial to communities because
1.they control the prey population growth
2.they practice predation harvest
3.predators enhance species diversity
4.(A), (B), and (C)
Predators in an ecosystem
1.help the community by keeping the number of prey from outstripping their resources
2.help the prey population by removing the sick and less fit individuals
3.enhance species diversity
4.all of the above
Probably the worlds most pressing ecological problem is
1.destruction of the rain forests
2.human overpopulation
3.depletion of natural resources
4.over-fishing the oceans
Red-green colorblindness in humans is a sex-linked trait. If a woman with normal vision, whose father was colorblind, married a man whose mother was colorblind, what would be the probability of their first child being a colorblind girl?
1.0 percent
2.12.5 percent
3.25 percent
4.50 percent
Some organisms living in a vacant lot include grass, dandelions, mice, grasshoppers, and slugs. Collectively these organisms represent
1.an ecosystem
2.a community
3.a population
4.a mutualism
The brain ____ as people gets older.
1.shrinks
2.expands
3.stays constant
4.remains unaffected
The buildup of pesticides in ospreys is known as
1.biological magnification
2.food web dynamics
3.succession
4.keystone predation
The enzyme that assimilates carbon dioxide into the Calvin cycle is known as
1.rubisco
2.pepco
3.catalase
4.PEP carboxylase
The number of chromosomes in normal humans is 46. After meiosis in sperm production, the number of chromosomes I would be _________ and the number of resulting cells would be ________.
1.46, 2
2.23, 2
3.46, 1
4.23, 1
The rain shadow effect is used to describe rainfall around certain mountain ranges. Which of the following statement is true?
1.The northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere have the same prevailing winds
2.Cool air can hold more moisture than warm air
3.In the northern hemisphere, there is more rainfall on the eastern slope
4.None of the above statements are true
The secondary structure of proteins whose conformation may be an alpha helix is due to
1.the hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another
2.the hydrogen bonds between variable groups
3.the interactions between hydrophobic and hydrophilic variable groups
4.the interactions between the positively and negatively charged variable groups
The separation of plant pigments using paper chromatography is based on
1.the non-polarity of the solvents and pigments
2.the polarity of the paper
3.the polarity of the pigments
4.all of the above
There is __________ in working memory as people gets older.
1.upgradation
2.degradation
3.no change
4.a slight change
Viruses are
1.always viewed with a light microscope
2.are an enzyme-nucleus mix
3.obligate, intracellular parasites
4.cellular
What are the number of different types of gametes that can be produced by an organism whose genotype is AaBbCcDd?
1.8
2.10
3.12
4.16
What defines the Sahara Desert as a desert?
1.It is characterized by very hot temperatures
2.The growing season is very short
3.Cacti make up the dominant form of vegetation
4.It is very dry
What trophic level is represented by the snake?
1.decomposer
2.primary consumer
3.secondary consumer
4.tertiary consumer
Which group can best be described as a population?
1.all the honeybees in an orchard in one spring
2.all the plants and animals in a forest
3.the living and nonliving factors in a meadow
4.the life in Earths atmosphere
Which of the following descriptions of a DNA molecule is NOT correct?
1.Synthesis is semiconservative
2.Opposite strands are antiparallel
3.The number of cytosines present is roughly equal to the number of uracil
4.It contains the sugar deoxyribose
Which of the following enzymes acts on protein?
1.pepsin
2.ptyalin
3.amylase
4.maltase
Which of the following events DO NOT lead to genetic variation in a population?
1.independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis
2.crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II
3.crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
4.random mutation
Which of the following represents an example of Mullerian mimicry?
1.Two unrelated poisonous frog species that share the same habitat also resemble each other in coloration
2.The coloration of the canyon tree frog allows it to blend in with the granite rocks among which it lives
3.When disturbed, the larva of the hawkmoth puffs up its head and thorax such that it resembles the head of a small poisonous snake
4.In some orchid species, the flowers resemble female moths and attract male moths that attempt to mate with them, contributing to pollination in the process
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
1.The product of transcription is DNA
2.The product of transcription is mRNA
3.The product of transcription is a protein
4.The product of translation is mRNA
Which of the groups below represents the correct relationship in order from smallest (or simplest) to largest (or more complex)?
1.matter-element-compound-electron-atom
2.electron-element-atom-compound-matter
3.electron-atom-element-matter-compound
4.electron-atom-element-compound-matter
Which statement is NOT true for ferns?
1.The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte
2.The sori give rise to the gametophytes
3.Eggs are fertilized by sperm in the archegonia
4.Ferns possess vascular tissue for the transport of water and minerals