A ratio of 3:1 in the phenotype of an organism occurs when
1.the alleles are incompletely dominant
2.only recessive traits are involved
3.only dominant traits are involved
4.alleles segregate during meiosis
Anna and Tania went shopping, but __________ couldnt find anything __________ liked.
1.they, those
2.they, them
3.those, they
4.they, they
Blood entering the dorsal aorta has most recently been in the
1.right atria
2.right ventricle
3.left ventricle
4.left atria
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the __________ with the action of the enzyme __________.
1.mouth, amylase
2.stomach, pepsin
3.stomach, chymotrypsin
4.small intestine, amylase
Colorblindness in humans is
1.caused by a recessive allele
2.in equal proportion in both sexes
3.caused in females by a heterozygous genotype
4.inherited by males from their male parent
Darwins Natural Selection includes all of the following EXCEPT
1.Variation can be due to mutations
2.The difference in survivability between organisms may be due to variation
3.Not all organisms may survive, due to competition
4.Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
Elements used for making molecules found in living systems must
1.contain nitrogen and sulfur
2.be hydrophilic
3.be covalent
4.be suitable and available
Homologous chromosomes line up in pairs in
1.metaphase of mitosis
2.metaphase I
3.metaphase II
4.interphase
If a DNA strand contained the sequence ATG AGT CGT, what one base substitution could keep the translation from being completed?
1.A to G
2.T to A
3.G to C
4.C to G
If a restriction enzyme has as its recognition sequence ATCCTA, how many restriction sites would appear in the lambda genome, which is approximately 54,000 bp?
1.2,250
2.9000
3.13
4.7
In humans, the structure that receives blood from the lungs is the
1.aorta
2.pulmonary artery
3.pulmonary vein
4.renal vein
Insulin is an important hormone that serves to decrease ones blood sugar. Glucagon has the opposite effect through
1.the conversion of glycogen to glucose
2.the secretion of glucose by cells
3.causing gluconeogenesis
4.all of the above
Nuclear energy is __________ dangerous to be used widely.
1.so
2.such
3.too
4.that
One of the earliest theories pertaining to the origin of life on earth suggested that life began in shallow pools. Recent studies have led to extensive debate regarding the origin of life, with some researchers suggesting that life may have originated
1.as viral particles
2.in volcanoes
3.in mudflats
4.near deep sea vents
Peter Mitchell was able to demonstrate chemiosmosis by getting ______________ to go down their concentration gradient by using two different ___________.
1.potassium ions, light frequencies
2.hydrogen ions, light frequencies
3.potassium ions, pH solutions
4.hydrogen ions, pH solutions
Restriction enzyme digestion with HindIII of genomic DNA from three toad species (A, B, and C) revealed that species A and B each produced unique fragment patterns, whereas species C shared fragments with both species A and species B. These results suggest that
1.species C is a hybrid between species A and species B
2.the DNA sample from species C must have been contaminated
3.species C is the most recent living ancestor of both species A and species B
4.species C served as an outgroup for the study
Restriction enzymes were originally isolated from
1.viruses, which use them to cut bacterial DNA
2.bacteria, which use them to cut viral DNA
3.viruses, which use them to turn off their host bacterial DNA
4.protists, which use them to organize themselves into colonial life-forms
Splicing of hnRNA is done in the nucleus by snurps.Of what are these snurps composed?
1.RNA
2.DNA
3.proteins
4.RNA and proteins
The element found in all amino acids that is NOT found in carbohydrates is
1.sulfur
2.carbon
3.oxygen
4.nitrogen
The function of ATP in voluntary muscle movement is to supply the energy for
1.myosin to bind to actin
2.myosin to become separated from actin
3.tropomyosin to bind to troponin
4.tropomyosin to become separated from troponin
The human skin contains all of the following receptors EXCEPT
1.pain receptors
2.pressure receptors
3.thermoreceptors
4.chemoreceptors
The hydrogen bonds in water are a result of
1.the hydrogen of one molecule bonding to the hydrogen of another molecule
2.the oxygen of one molecule bonding to one of the hydrogens of that molecule
3.the hydrogen of a water molecule bonding to the nitrogen of another
4.the hydrogen of one molecule bonding to the oxygen of another molecule
The number of base pairs in a typical bacterium is about __________, while the number in human cells is around __________.
1.3,000, 3 million
2.1 million, 1 billion
3.3 million, 3 billion
4.1 billion, 12 trillion
The pattern of DNA fragments resulting from restriction enzyme digestion of genomic DNA from two species of skunk with EcoRI show extensive similarities. This suggests that
1.most of the restrictions sites recognized by EcoRI are found at approximately the same distances apart in the DNA from both skunk species
2.the two skunks must be the same species, not different species
3.restriction enzyme digestion with EcoRI produces the same pattern of DNA fragments in all organisms
4.the genetic makeup of the two skunk species is identical
The proteins around which human DNA is wound are
1.cyclins
2.heat shock proteins
3.G-proteins
4.histones
The proteins that come together to form maturation promoting factors, or M phase factors, are
1.cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
2.cyclin-dependent kinases and G proteins
3.cyclins
4.G-proteins
The undershoot during an action potential is the result of
1.the sodium gates being closed and the potassium gate open
2.the sodium gates being closed and the potassium gate closed
3.the sodium gates being open and the potassium gate closed
4.the sodium gates being open and the potassium gate open
Trisomy 21 in humans is the result of
1.pleiotropy
2.polygenic inheritance
3.epistasis
4.nondisjunction
Viruses are an exception to the cell theory because they
1.normally reproduce by binary fission
2.normally reproduce by forming spores
3.lack either DNA or RNA
4.normally reproduce only in host cells
Which element acts as a hydrogen acceptor during aerobic respiration?
1.carbon
2.oxygen
3.hydrogen
4.nitrogen
Which enzyme(s) should be used to insert the human sequence into the plasmid?
1.ERA I
2.CRO I
3.MEM II
4.CRO I and ERA I
Which of the bonding examples below is NOT possible?
1.a DNA adenine to a DNA thymine
2.a DNA adenine to an RNA thymine
3.a DNA guanine to an RNA cytosine
4.a DNA adenine to an RNA uracil
Which of the following are weak forces usually associated with biological molecules?
1.hydrogen bonds
2.electrostatic interactions
3.covalent bonds
4.both (A) and (B)
Which of the following DNA sequences would code for the polypeptide glutamine, lysine, histidine?
1.CAG AAA CAU
2.ACT CCC ACG
3.GUC UUU GUA
4.GTC TTT GTA
Which of the following have a visceral mass and a muscular foot?
1.Medusoids
2.Annelida
3.Aschelminthes
4.Mollusca
Which of the following is NOT a property of water?
1.hydrophilic properties
2.hydrophobic properties
3.very good solvent
4.density as a solid is less than that as a liquid
Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?
1.uracil
2.thymine
3.phosphate
4.adenine
Which of the following is NOT indicated by Mendels experiments?
1.incomplete dominance
2.segregation
3.recessive
4.dominant
Which of the following is radially symmetrical and possesses nematocysts?
1.Porifera
2.Coelenterates
3.Mollusca
4.Amphibians
Which of the following procedures would NOT be likely to lead to the production of recombinant DNA?
1.transformation of bacterial cells with plasmid DNA from another strain of bacteria
2.transformation of bacterial cells with naked DNA from human cells
3.transduction of bacteria using phage particles (bacterial viruses)
4.the removal of a single somatic cell from a carrot and regenerating an entire plant from the cell through tissue culture
Which of the following replaces guanine in RNA?
1.adenine
2.thymine
3.cytosine
4.none of the above
Which of the following statements about antibodies is false?
1.Antibodies are produced by different combinations of soluble proteins in the blood called complement
2.When antibodies bind to a bacterial cell, it may keep that cell from adhering to host cells
3.The specific receptors on T cells that would interact with a specific antigen are the same shape as antibodies that will interact with that antigen
4.By binding to antigens, antibodies mark those antigens for destruction by macrophages
Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is (are) true?
1.Calcium ions combine with troponin to cause a conformational change in tropomyosin
2.Myosin and actin slide together because of the binding and contraction of actin filaments
3.Tropomyosin wraps around myosin and blocks the binding sites between actin and myosin
4.Both (A) and (B) are true
Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is false?
1.Luteinizing hormone is produced by the pituitary in response to GNRH from the hypothalamus
2.Luteinizing hormone acts on the follicle, causing ovulation
3.Birth control pills that contain estrogen and progesterone would inhibit the secretion of FSH by the pituitary
4.The endometrium builds up to its maximum thickness soon after the release of FSH
Which of the following statements is true about mutations?
1.Rates tend to be very high in most populations
2.generally lethal
3.irreversible
4.Only certain gene locations are affected
Which of the following substances would NOT be present in a typical procedure for separating proteins by gel electrophoresis?
1.water
2.bromophenol blue
3.Tris buffer
4.agarose
Which of the following terms does NOT refer to an example of a weak force of interaction between two molecules?
1.covalent bond
2.Van der Waals bond
3.hydrophobic bond
4.electrostatic bond
Which of the following would NOT have hydrophilic properties?
1.OH
2.molecules in aqueous solution
3.long hydrocarbon chains
4.ionized molecules
While UK has earned record revenue this year, __________ well behind in exports.
1.it still lag
2.it still lags
3.it lag still
4.it lags still
You are trying to measure mRNA synthesis with animal cells growing in a tissue culture. Which radioactive nucleotide should you provide to the cells to measure RNA synthesis?
1.adenine
2.cytosine
3.guanine
4.uracil