In animals blood clots serve the function of
1.consuming invading organisms
2.helping them match the background coloration of the habitat
3.stimulating production of killer T lymphocytes
4.repairing damage to the body wall
Which of the following blood proteins can destroy pathogens?
1.Major histocompatibility complex
2.Platelets
3.Fibrinogen
4.Complement system
Which of the following produces the antibodies employed in the specific immune response of vertebrates?
1.B lymphocytes
2.T lymphocytes
3.Neutrophils
4.Macrophages
Which of these is part of the lymphoid system in humans?
1.Liver
2.Stomach
3.Tonsils
4.Kidneys
A cell which defends against body cells in which viruses are reproducing is
1.Exotoxin
2.Cytotoxic T cell
3.Endotoxin
4.Suppressor T cell
In a fetus where are lymphocytes produced?
1.In the spleen
2. In the bone marrow
3.In the liver
4.In the heart
Lack of reaction to our own human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) is known as?
1.autoimmunity
2.complement system
3.clonal selection
4.tolerance
The maturation of T cells and the production of particular T cell receptors occurs in the
1. thyroid gland
2.thymus gland
3.testes
4.. all of these
The protein produced by B cells that binds to a specific antigen is
1.phagocyte
2.leukocyte
3.vaccine
4.antibody
What is the behavior in which T cells and B cells constantly travel throughout the body seeking out and destroying foreign substances?
1.Antibody-mediated immune response
2.Immune surveillance
3.Cell-mediated immune response
4.Vaccination
What is the result of invasion of a body by pathogens?
1.Infection
2.Inflammation
3.Swelling
4.Pus
What type of B cell is like a tiny factory that produces antibodies identical to the B cell receptor that bind to the original antigen?
1.T cells
2. Memory cells
3.Plasma cells
4.Macrophages
What type of B cell remains dormant in the body but can respond rapidly if the same antigen appears again?
1.T cells
2.Memory cells
3.Plasma cells
4.Macrophages
Which of the following characteristics are common in lymphocytes macrophages and neutrophils?
1.They are all part of the nonspecific immune response in vertebrates
2.They are all part of the specific immune response in vertebrates
3.They are all part of the internal defenses of nonvertebrates
4.They are all types of white blood cells
Which of the following components of the vertebrate immune response occurs first upon invasion by a virus or bacterium?
1.Activation of killer T lymphocytes
2.Activation of B lymphocytes
3.The inflammatory response
4.Mobilization of complement proteins
Which of the following is most likely to produce anaphylaxis in a susceptible individual?
1.Pollen
2.Mold
3.Dust
4.Bee sting
Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate immune system?
1.Lymphocytes
2.Antibodies
3.Cardiac glycosides
4.Lymph nodes
Which of the following provide specific defense against viruses and bacteria?
1.T cells
2.B cells
3.Complement
4.inflammation
Which of the following white blood cells act as scavengers when they engulf and digest pathogens?
1.Macrophages
2.T cells
3.B cells
4.Lymphocytes
Which of these is a type of specific defense against pathogens?
1.Lymphocytes
2.Macrophages
3.Phagocytes
4.Leukocytes